Wednesday, 20 November 2013

PLC November 18, 2013: Adult Education and Museums’/Galleries’ role in inquiry-based learning and the “New” Curriculum


 Monday saw a fantastic PLC at the RBG. We had a great turn out. This topic is very popular!

What follows are some notes from the five presenters. Here is the description of all their presentations and biographies.

Thanks everyone for making this a success! Special thanks goes out to the RBG for providing a great space and being such wonderful hosts.

Dr. Joyce Zazulak, Associate professor, McMaster University Department of Family Medicine
The Importance of Curiosity in Adult Learning
As a medical professional and medical school instructor, it is important to foster curiosity in my students, who as family medicine practitioners are embarking on a lifetime of learning.  Curiosity is a valuable skill not often fostered in the medical school culture that values perfectionism in its students.  Curiosity and a willingness to maintain an open minded approach to problem solving and tolerating ambiguous subject matter do in fact make physicians better diagnosticians.  Arts-based learning opportunities for medical students and increasing medical humanities programs in Canada’s medical schools aim to further develop curiosity and tolerance to ambiguity in adult learners.

Example: doctor’s process in a case of "low-level decision making"
Thinking about why we quickly come to decisions in medicine, instead of looking at other possibilities
How does uncertainty and ambiguity affect medicine?
An arc of tension, resolution, and then relaxation occurs when doctors are first in the exploratory, and then resolution phase of diagnosis.
Premature closure: critical tension threshold, you may be motivated to come up with a plan that will lead to an incorrect diagnosis

How do you reduce the problem of premature closure?
Curiosity is about an urge to continue to investigate, comfortable with not knowing; it engages both imagination and intelligence

Curiosity in medicine: gives the best critical thinking
Mosaic, not linear thinking
Narrows down and then re-expands

Convert patient into a person, know more about who they are
Efficiency can suppress curiosity

Visual literacy, teaches doctors how to look, observant/interpretive skills, reflective, tolerant of ambiguity, use richer language, empathy
VTS, push through aesthetic stages of development, guided observation, evidence based looking
http://vtshome.org/

Art of Seeing Program at the McMaster Museum of Art, launched in 2010

Art of Medicine 2013: This session included the aspects of art therapy, (small t therapy, just using art therapy techniques to use other side of their brain), organizational ethicist

It is important to honour curiosity, sometimes it gets squashed
Consider multiple perspectives
Use inquiry-based learning

Book Club from 2013: Teaching in the Art Museum: Interpretation as Experience


Questions:
Do residents revisit artwork later?
Suggestion: try exercise where participant spends 3 hrs with one work of art, note observations as they unfold, provide insight to how we quickly make judgements, we see what we think we're supposed to see



Dr. Gregory Davies
Student Collaboration, Curatorship and Educational Outreach: ‘Worldly Possessions’ at the McMaster Museum of Art
This talk will outline the design of the current ‘Worldly Possessions’ exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art and focus on student involvement in curatorship and educational outreach through research, tours, activities and electronic media.

Student collaboration, curatorship and educational outreach
Worldly Possessions exhibition video

Context for understanding
Overarching theme: visual culture plays a role in mediating two conflicting ideologies
How did visual culture recognize the conflicting problems of belief system and strong economics?
Moral/ethical concerns

Issue in organizing: breadth of material: places, people, things
Had to change organization of work, viewer has to make connections between work themselves
ROM denied request: complications with display
Instead secured rights to display images
Wall text
Students could choose how they could be involved, designing exhibition, creating media, had two students who wrote wall descriptors
Problem: have to heavily edit some student text
Sensory experience (spices)
Interactive (microscope), alternative sensory experience
Blog monitor in exhibition space
He currently has some students writing papers that will go up on the exhibition blog


Travel exhibition to schools
5 students: open invitation, different courses, be more strategic next time, hand pick students, qualitative issues with writing
Not for credit (original 5)

Nicole Neufeld
Seniors in the Studio: Education Programs for an Aging Population
Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery
For over two years, KW|AG has partnered with the Alzheimer Society Kitchener-Waterloo to jointly deliver gallery programs for individuals living with early onset Alzheimer and their caregivers.  This talk will run through program delivery, reveal some of the findings and benefits of delivering programs to seniors, and offer insights into future opportunities and challenges facing this kind of initiative.


Initiated by KW Alzheimer society "Gather at the Gallery"
Based on “Meet me at Moma” program, launched in 2006 moma.org/meetme
Early stages of Alzheimer and their care partner (sometimes couple, child, sinling, friend)
Hosts 4 times a year, 12-20 participants per year
Seven partner institutions
Helps couples develop their relationship in new ways
Both entering unfamiliar space, levels the playing field, both not the expert, both vulnerable and unfamiliar
Under-served demographic
Partnering with service organizations, both bringing something to the table the other can't offer: care workers, skills/tools to support this demographic
Visual literacy and hands on art making programs
Elderly demographic is growing, need to connect in meaningful ways
Mobility, health, cognitive challenges impede participating in events outside the home
Objectives: social engagement, opportunities for self-expression and participation in creative process
Foster a sense of community. Bring vulnerable populations into the gallery in a safe and productive environment
Gallery becomes their space, individuals feel comfortable and believe the gallery would understand their circumstances
90 minutes in 2 parts, good for this demographic
Part one exhibition tour, 10-15 min break for socializing (drink, food), Part two hands on art making

Exhibition tour: 10-15 minutes in front of each artwork (comfortably!!) good chairs
Encourage discussion on what they see with each other, formal qualities, looking at contemporary work, don't assume they don't want to connect with contemporary work
Inquiry based discussion, ask questions, ask for opinions, use works that can create a narrative, try to generate conversation, more so than teach
Ask questions that encourage participants to make a connection with the work, connect to memory, storytelling does this remind you of something...

Second part: art making
Connect with themes in exhibitions, logistical details: accessible materials and supplies, have examples to follow. Activity eg: photos of buildings from the city, can colour them, trace them, experiment with paints/materials
Write out instructions, explain what will be created and how
Introduce to supplies and how to use them
Give time so participant can share their work with others, thoughts

Provide reminders and assurance, humour and encouragement, adapt the program as necessary, give very step by step instructions

Alzheimer society has an end of the year show of their work, exciting for participants

Results
Forum for explorations and exchange of ideas without relying on short term memory
Opportunity to share personal experience and access long term memory, chance to share stories
A learning experience for participants and educators
New insights into peers interests (even if negative towards certain artworks)
Respite from day to day challenges, alternative space
Meaningful intellectual activity, opportunity for personal growth at any age diversification of support networks
Program that includes a concrete, physical piece is helpful

KWAG will be carrying forward this program to long term care facilities, retirement residences
Funding challenges, community foundation grant

Recommended video: I Remember Better when I Paint


Dr. Debra Antoncic, PhD
Associate Curator at RiverBrink
Debra Antoncic will be speaking on RiverBrink Art Museum’s series of LearnMore Adult Education Courses.

LearnMore Fall Adult Ed Course

Fine art museum in Queenston, country location (challenging sometimes)
Inability to attract school kids to 1812 exhibit, even with free bussing
Personally interested in adult education, seniors (active, travelling)
First started with "road show", go to the people, but changed to on site
Traditional art history lectures,
Canadian art in Seven
Very popular, more than 40 people signed up
Why popular? Cost: $30 for whole series, 1.5 hours each
A lot of that demographic might not be able to commit to seven, might go to warm place in winter, have dr appt
Also: popular because of lecturer
Supported by Niagara-on-the-Lake by discretionary grants
Workshop component: don't have studios, started with artist demonstrations, another avenue for getting adults interested in art to the museum (jewellery making, painting workshop)
Learn from looking at the actual works of art
Key for their success: keeping it at a modest fee

Artist fees are modest, participants pay to cover materials and artist fee
Coffee/social time: leave it casual, informal discussion question. Gives opportunity for people to ask speaker a question they may not have been comfortable asking in group
Wednesday morning is a good time

Leslie Furness
Hamilton Artist and Teacher's College Graduate 2013
Leslie Furness will be doing an interactive presentation about the New Ontario Curriculum for grades 7 to 12 and how museums and galleries can apply this curriculum to learning that happens outside of the classroom setting. In particular, Leslie will speak about her experience leading grade 12s through the McMaster University School of the Arts graduating class exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art in order for the students to look ahead to opportunities and expectations at
the university level.

You can see Leslie’s presentation here on Prezi.

Teachers have to implement new social studies curriculum by September 24
Leslie is OCT: Ontario College of Teachers certified to teach art and English; she is a Visual and scenic artist
She struggled in school as a visual and spatial learner
One of 9000 newly graduated teachers in Ontario: the course will be changing from one year to two year. The hope is that this will halve the number of graduates each year and create a higher number of job opportunities for new graduates
Teachers can volunteer in schools, to get their name out there
Curriculum: history of policy in Ontario
Give students opportunity to choose programs that suit their skills and interest
Broader range of learning options outside traditional classroom instruction

Students are expected to plan and direct their life and schooling very early (before high school)

Inquiry based learning: a method and strategy for 21st Century learners
Practice critical thinking
Sound opinions and discuss intelligently
Difference between fact and opinion
Learn how to listen to others and respect other's thoughts, ideas, opinions
Student centred learners are presented with problems or issues to be explored and solved
Should be sensitive to learners experiential background

Smaller groups, more eager to talk amongst themselves
Give them a job, student centred learning, don't just talk at them

Teacher led inquiry based learning: teacher is question asker, not answerer (facilitator and guide)
Do have to reinforce content

Process of inquiry: 8
Observe, classify, predict, infer, interpreting data, experimenting, communicating, questioning

Reflecting, responding and analyzing: the emphasis on this is NEW

Share information, make connections between their own experiences and what they're analyzing
Ultimate goal to have students question ideas, concepts, and their opinions

Experiential learning: a field trip
It wasn't easy to get time to get students out: lots of bureaucracy, money, sign forms, teacher has to be an advocate for the trip, they have to push, had to make a  meeting w the principal, show curriculum proof, no money to bus them there
Teachers need curriculum connections

Sometimes schools are blogging about their field trips: google your institution to see!

Friday, 25 October 2013

HME PLC November 18, 2013

Hamilton Area Museum Educators
invites you to our November 2013 Peer Learning Circle

Adult Education and Museums’/Galleries’ role in inquiry-based learning and the “New” Curriculum
Monday, November 18, 2013, 10:00am-3:00pm
 Royal Botanical Gardens, 680 Plains Road West, Burlington, ON
This session is FREE!

Presenters and topics include:

Dr. Joyce Zazulak, Associate professor, McMaster University Department of Family Medicine
The Importance of Curiosity in Adult Learning
As a medical professional and medical school instructor, it is important to foster curiosity in my students, who as family medicine practitioners are embarking on a lifetime of learning.  Curiosity is a valuable skill not often fostered in the medical school culture that values perfectionism in its students.  Curiosity and a willingness to maintain an open minded approach to problem solving and tolerating ambiguous subject matter do in fact make physicians better diagnosticians.  Arts-based learning opportunities for medical students and increasing medical humanities programs in Canada’s medical schools aim to further develop curiosity and tolerance to ambiguity in adult learners.

Joyce Zazulak, MSc, MD, CCFP, FCFP is an Associate Professor, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University. Dr. Zazulak is the Coordinator, Behavioural Science Program in the Family Medicine Residency Program and the Associate Director, Standardized Patient Program, Centre for Simulation Based Learning in the Faculty of Health Science. Dr. Zazulak's academic area of interest includes teaching about the communication skills and patient centered care. She also has a particular interest in Narrative Medicine and Healthcare Humanities and an interest in developing visual literacy in the training of health professionals. Dr. Zazulak has recently developed an "Art of Seeing" curriculum for Family Medicine residents in collaboration with the McMaster Museum of Art.

Dr. Gregory Davies
Student Collaboration, Curatorship and Educational Outreach: ‘Worldly Possessions’ at the McMaster Museum of Art
This talk will outline the design of the current ‘Worldly Possessions’ exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art and focus on student involvement in curatorship and educational outreach through research, tours, activities and electronic media.

Assistant Professor, History of Art, School of the Arts, McMaster University (BA., York University, MA., University of Toronto). I have been teaching Art History courses at the School of the Arts, McMaster University since 2002. I have also taught courses in Art History at the University of Toronto and Guelph University. My areas of specialized interest are Italian Baroque and Renaissance art and my dissertation (in progress) focuses upon caricature and its invention in 17th-century Italy. During my time at McMaster I have developed and implemented two Art History travel courses in Italy, taught each spring through the School of the Arts. In addition to curating the current exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art (Worldly Possessions: Visualizing Ownership in the Age of the Baroque) I am also currently involved in the design of a teaching module to be offered through the proposed Centre for Arts and Social Engagement (CASE) initiative.

Nicole Neufeld
Seniors in the Studio: Education Programs for an Aging Population
Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery
For over two years, KW|AG has partnered with the Alzheimer Society Kitchener-Waterloo to jointly deliver gallery programs for individuals living with early onset Alzheimer’s and their caregivers.  This talk will run through program delivery, reveal some of the findings and benefits of delivering programs to seniors, and offer insights into future opportunities and challenges facing this kind of initiative.

Nicole Neufeld is the Director of Public Programs at the Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery and received a Master of Arts in Art History from Carleton University and a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Guelph.  Previously, she was Head of Membership & Development at the Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art (Toronto), and held positions at the National Gallery of Canada, Library and Archives Canada, and Carleton University. She currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Guelph Arts Council, the Steering Committee for the Family Centre (Kitchener), and the Let’s Read! Waterloo Region Family Literacy Initiative committee.  Neufeld was co-curator of ImagiNation: New Cultural Topographies and co-organizer of a conference at Carleton University, Complicated Entanglements: Rethinking Pluralism in the 21st Century.

Dr. Debra Antoncic, PhD
Associate Curator at RiverBrink
Debra Antoncic will be speaking on RiverBrink Art Museum’s series of LearnMore Adult Education Courses. You can read more about the most recent course here. 

Debra Antoncic is a curator and art historian with a specialty in post-war Canadian art and visual culture.  She holds a PhD in art history from Queen’s University and a combined Master of Arts and Curatorial Diploma from York University. She is currently the Associate Curator at RiverBrink Art Museum and part-time instructor in the Department of Visual Arts at Brock University.  Dr. Antoncic has curated exhibitions at the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, the Art Gallery of Hamilton and the McMaster Museum of Art. She has published critical essays in Fuse Magazine and Revue d’art Canadien/Canadian Art Review and exhibition reviews in Canadian Art and other publications. 


Leslie Furness
Hamilton Artist and Teacher's College Graduate 2013
Leslie Furness will be doing an interactive presentation about the New Ontario Curriculum for grades 7 to 12 and how museums and galleries can apply this curriculum to learning that happens outside of the classroom setting. In particular, Leslie will speak about her experience leading grade 12s through the McMaster University School of the Arts graduating class exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art in order for the students to look ahead to opportunities and expectations at
the university level.

Registration is limited! Contact one of the HME coordinators to register BEFORE NOVEMBER 13.


Further Details:
Room Location at the RBG: Room 1/2 (upstairs on Mezzanine level) with elevator access. Walk past the gift shop and turn left and go up the stairs.

Lunch:
Bring a lunch, but can't guarantee space in fridge.
Eat at the Garden Café on site.
You can visit Easterbrooks across the road for one of their 15 - 20 varieties of hotdogs (may have vegetarian option).

Restaurants:
Rose Garden Restaurant (1124 Plains Road) just steps away from RBG to the west - walking distance.
Nonna's Cucina Ristorante or Tim Hortons are driving distance to the east as well as other fast food places even further.

After lunch - go for a stroll in the Mediterranean Garden or take a quick brisk walk outside or visit the Gift Shop.

Interested in more? See the visitors guide here.

Tuesday, 22 October 2013

The Great Recession and “where, for the best price, can I get…”: creating and running education programs on a budget: HME Meeting Monday October 21, 2013


Leader: Merri Fergusson
The food was great, and discussion lively last night at the Argyll Street Grill; we happily welcomed a few new faces to the group with our first bring-an-intern meeting.
Here are some notes from the evening.

Free stuff

  • Kijiji and Craigslist but spend time going through it
  • church and estate sales
  • Scrapbooking supplies and old art and craft supplies
  • Wallpaper stores will give away free samples or discontinued ends, as will paint stores. Just leave your name with them and when season changes, they discard old samples.
  • In Mississauga: The Creative Zone joint effort between Catholic and Public Peel Region and everything is free but need to be from the area or school board. They get things donated in bulk
  • Quilling a paper shredder will cut paper finely enough for this craft
  • Senioropolis are professional downsizers will give to charitable or non-profit. Companies who relocate seniors from homes to apartments will give away stuff.
Low Cost Stuff
  • Liaise with these companies to get stuff
  • Habitat for Humanity Restore for paint
  • Recycle Stores
  • Burlington Reuse Centre 
  • Thrift stores
  • For City employees, there’s internal sell/trade pages
  • Lyrical / Staples but for 40 percent less
  • Popourri site to sell or give away (Mississauga City Employee pages)
  • Baldwin craft supplies in Burlington Appleby Line
  • Michaels 40 percent off coupons online
  • purchase following seasons when everything is on sale
  • Dollar stores
  • Lens Mill Store in Stoney Creek
  • Liquidation Centres
    Steel City Surplus @ 182 Dundurn St S, Hamilton, ON L8P 4K3 905-526-8551
Running Programs
Issues: Budget and staff cuts
Sometimes supplies are old and tired and too well used
Reflects badly; what's the pull to get schools to our sites?  Especially if your supplies are tired-looking, broken, missing
people with fresh ideas don't get the time
introducing technology into education programs and how to get funding
theatre companies have storage and may be willing to partner
eg: Players Guild on Queen Street in Hamilton

Mississauga Museum
intern from OISE project with two camps
partner with drama, dance and history Bradley Mashup
concept, introduction, and curriculum; had 70 hours to work
reworked old camp idea and refreshed it
critique and feedback from staff the intern put all of the evaluations together

Outreach vs at institution
Outreach can be a cheaper way to teach about our collection while using school resources (rather than museum resources) and link to curriculum.

History Matters Association WWI Benares Historic House in Mississauga
schools resist due to hiring cost of supply teachers
free vs paid tours: free might mean no commitment

Tech Soup: good place for inexpensive software

webinar by historical society for new Ontario curriculum
Building Stories heritage assets in your community from Waterloo and mobile App

HME PLC November 2013

Hamilton Area Museum Educators
invites you to our November 2013 Peer Learning Circle

Adult Education and Museums’/Galleries’ role in inquiry-based learning and the “New” Curriculum
Monday, November 18, 2013, 10:00am-3:00pm
Royal Botanical Gardens, 680 Plains Rd West, Burlington, ON
This session is FREE!

Presenters and topics include:

Dr. Gregory Davies
Student Collaboration, Curatorship and Educational Outreach: ‘Worldly Possessions’ at the McMaster Museum of Art
This talk will outline the design of the current ‘Worldly Possessions’ exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art and focus on student involvement in curatorship and educational outreach through research, tours, activities and electronic media.

Assistant Professor, History of Art, School of the Arts, McMaster University (BA., York University, MA., University of Toronto). I have been teaching Art History courses at the School of the Arts, McMaster University since 2002. I have also taught courses in Art History at the University of Toronto and Guelph University. My areas of specialized interest are Italian Baroque and Renaissance art and my dissertation (in progress) focuses upon caricature and its invention in 17th-century Italy. During my time at McMaster I have developed and implemented two Art History travel courses in Italy, taught each spring through the School of the Arts. In addition to curating the current exhibition at the McMaster Museum of Art (Worldly Possessions: Visualizing Ownership in the Age of the Baroque) I am also currently involved in the design of a teaching module to be offered through the proposed Centre for Arts and Social Engagement (CASE) initiative.

Nicole Neufeld
Seniors in the Studio: Education Programs for an Aging Population
Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery
For over two years, KW|AG has partnered with the Alzheimer Society Kitchener-Waterloo to jointly deliver gallery programs for individuals living with early onset Alzheimer’s and their caregivers.  This talk will run through program delivery, reveal some of the findings and benefits of delivering programs to seniors, and offer insights into future opportunities and challenges facing this kind of initiative.

Nicole Neufeld is the Director of Public Programs at the Kitchener-Waterloo Art Gallery and received a Master of Arts in Art History from Carleton University and a Bachelor of Arts (Honours) from the University of Guelph.  Previously, she was Head of Membership & Development at the Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art (Toronto), and held positions at the National Gallery of Canada, Library and Archives Canada, and Carleton University. She currently sits on the Board of Directors of the Guelph Arts Council, the Steering Committee for the Family Centre (Kitchener), and the Let’s Read! Waterloo Region Family Literacy Initiative committee.  Neufeld was co-curator of ImagiNation: New Cultural Topographies and co-organizer of a conference at Carleton University, Complicated Entanglements: Rethinking Pluralism in the 21st Century.

Dr. Joyce Zazulak
Speaking on the importance of curiosity to adult learning.

Leslie Furness
Speaking on the New Curriculum.


Registration is limited! Contact one of the HME coordinators to register BEFORE NOVEMBER 13.

Thursday, 12 September 2013

Call for Presentations: November PLC


The Hamilton Area Museum Educators (HME) invite you to present at our upcoming Peer Learning Circle (PLC)!

Topic: Adult Education and Museums’/Galleries’ role in inquiry-based learning and the “New” Curriculum
Date:  Monday, November 18, 2013, 10:00am-3:00pm
Location:  Royal Botanical Gardens, 680 Plains Rd W  Burlington, ON

WE WANT TO KNOW what exciting and innovative ways your museum/gallery is involved in adult education, inquiry-based learning, and the new Ontario curriculum.

Do you:
-run an adult education program?
-participate in an interesting partnership?
-utilize inquiry-based learning in your museum/gallery?

We invite you to share your approaches and ideas in a presentation that will engage others in conversation and offer learning in this peer learning environment.
We ask that presentations be a maximum of 15-20 minutes in length, followed by 10-15 minutes discussion period.  However, new approaches are welcome and creative presentations may be longer or shorter depending on what you want to share or get out of them.  All ideas related to the topic are welcome. Step up and share!

For more information about the HME PLC, please contact one of HME’s coordinators or visit our blog.
We look forward to hearing from you!

HME Coordinators

____________
h-m-e.blogspot.ca/
twitter.com/_HME_
facebook.com/hamiltonmuseumeducators

Monday Meeting Cancelled

Hi everyone,

Unfortunately, we've had to cancel our scheduled meeting for Monday September 16.

BUT, we would like to remind you IC conference registration is up and the early bird rate is only available until the 20th. It should be a fun conference, with field trips to locations such as Ruthven Park.
The conference takes place this year at the RBG - right in our own backyard!

Wednesday, 21 August 2013

Starting a New Year!; And, New Curriculum

Hello everyone! I hope the summer's been great for you.

The new HME 2013-2014 schedule has been set, and you can see it here. Details will be sent out for our first evening meeting shortly.

In the meantime, there's some information regarding the new Social Sciences curriculum that one of our members kindly forwarded:

1. New Curriculum
This has even slightly modified so make sure to look that up but this will help with reference to what the next point speaks on.

2. The following points were made to us by the Halton Region Board Liaison Karen Wolridge about our programs and the important features to focus on.

Points
1. The teachers will be new to this SS curriculum - so any visual cues/charts/graphics or word/phrase hooks that are lifted from the Curriculum itself will be useful - sort of like a shortcut for teachers.
2. Within any SS field trip the teacher now more than ever must consider prefacing the trip as well as following it up within the classroom. She suggested an e-activity sent to the teacher before hand (pre-activity questions) to prep their visit and a possible take home activity after visiting.
3. The mandate of all subject areas within all Units of Study is integration with other curriculum subjects.
4. Identifying the curriculum strand that our programs relate to is good - but where possible we should choose an element(s) in our programs which relate to these two: OVERALL EXPECTATIONS, RELATED CONCEPTS.
5. The INQUIRY PROCESS within OVERALL EXPECTATIONS is an important facet to connect our stream's to.
6. The Citizen Education Framework graphic on page 10 is an essential template for them.
7. Consult page 192 for anything to do with Maps & Globes....As well look at page 147 B1.2 under Skills/Activities...keep these in mind.
8. What is really essential for every program stream is to identify or highlight a BIG IDEA. Teachers will be looking for this as a validation/reason for taking a trip. It may be this simple (internally) for them...they have to have a BIG IDEA to justify the BIG BUCKS (bussing).
9. She made sure that we note that Native connections, studies where applicable to Grade 5 which was always covered in Grade 6 but has shifted to Grade 5... so there will be a slew of Grade 5 teachers that will be looking for assistance with their class - potentially a field trip.